Confianza social, ideología política y satisfacción democrática en Europa: un análisis comparado 2002–2024
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This article examines the impact of ideological polarization on generalized social trust and satisfaction with democracy in Europe, using data from eleven rounds of the European Social Survey (2002–2024). The analysis adopts a comparative perspective across three regional blocs: southern European countries (EU South), the historical core of the EU (EU Core), and countries that joined after the 2004 enlargement (EU Enlarged). Non-parametric techniques and regression models are applied to explore three key dimensions: the temporal evolution of trust, the effects of political ideology, and the relationship between social trust and democratic support. The findings show that interpersonal trust has not uniformly declined across Europe; instead, divergent regional trajectories emerge: increasing trust in EU Enlarged, stability in EU South, and higher levels in the EU Core. Individuals at ideological extremes tend to exhibit lower levels of trust and democratic satisfaction, though this varies significantly across regions. Moreover, social trust consistently predicts satisfaction with democracy, especially in countries with stronger democratic institutions. The study contributes to the understanding of the link between political polarization and social capital, highlighting the relevance of regional context in analyzing democratic legitimacy.
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